Birth

HURST -- June 4, at 9 Deramore Park, Belfast, to Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hurst, a son.

Silver Wedding

IRWIN--FERGUSON -- June 7, 1893, at Donaghadee Methodist Church, by Rev. E. C. West, William James, only son of the late Thomas Irwin, to Sara, second daughter of the late William Ferguson, Newtownards. (Present address: 148 Antrim Road, Belfast.)

Roll of Honour

ROSS -- In loving memory of Private Campbell Ross, R.I.R. (Y.C.V.'s), third son of R. J. and C. Ross, 6 Cameron Street, Belfast, killed at Messines, June 7, 1917, aged 19.

Clippings

SOME EXTRACTS FROM THE

RECORDS OF OLD LISBURN

AND THE MANOR OF KILLULTAGH.

-- -- --

Edited by JAMES CARSON.

-- -- --

LXXXVI.

-- -- --

THE HUGUENOT SETTLEMENT IN LISBURN.

By Hugh M'Call -- 1870.

(Continued.)

For a long period previous to the settlement of the French colony at Lisburn few improvements had been introduced into the cultivation of flax, and the manufacture of linen was carried with little regard to progress. The peculiar construction of looms introduced by Earl Strafford, and which enabled the weaver to produce in a given space of time much more cloth, and that of a better quality, than could be woven on the old machine, had found no favour with the people, and until the advent of the exiled Gauls the working of fine cambrics had rarely been attempted in any part of Ulster. The highest "set" of that variety of fabric woven in Antrim or Down did not-exceed 14⁰⁰, and even this was not first-class work.

Another formidable difficulty stood in the way of advancement. Reed-making had not then been studied as a distinct art or separate branch of the trade, and the result was that great complaints were made about the inequalities of the cloth brought out for sale at the public markets. Monsieur Dupré, the first high-class reedmaker that settled at Lisburn, did good service to the weavers, as well as to the merchants, by introducing a description of work very superior to any previously known in that department of the trade, and which gave increased facilities to the manufacturers of fine fabrics.

In the course of working out his various projects and experiments Mr. Crommelin found able and expert assistants among the industrial ranks located around the scene of his enterprise. Lisburn and its neighbourhood had, by that time, been largely colonised by men of different lands and of diversity of language. William Edmundson and his family, the first of the followers of the far-famed George Fox that had ever settled in Ulster, resided there from 1676, and had made considerable way as linen manufacturers many years before the French exiles settled down in that quarter. Thus there was the impulsive Celt located side by side with the quiet Quaker; in one house resided the cool-blooded Hollander, and next door lived the light-hearted Frenchman. Across the street were sturdy Germans, hardy Norwegians, Welsh peasants, and Warwickshire farmers; and, as if to give full play to the commingling of new blood, there were also rough-looking Scottish Highlanders, flanked in by divers families originally raised in the shires of Ayr and Lanark; From the admixture of these different races sprung a people remarkable alike for their perseverance and their industry -- a people whose untiring labours gave new value to the soil, and whose enterprise inaugurated a most important era in the history of Ulster.

The erection of a bleaching concern in connection with his manufacturing establishment formed one of the principal objects of Mr. Crommelin soon after his connection with the French settlement. Lambeg -- Leamb Beg (the small hand), supposed to have been so named because five roads diverged from the centre of the village -- had been chosen as a site for the same purpose so far back as 1626, when a bleaching concern was erected by the joint influence of some English and Scotch families who had previously settled there. The exact spot where that establishment stood is said to have been on a tract of land close to the river side, and which, more than a century afterwards, became the property of Mr. Barclay, a very eminent linen merchant and extensive bleacher. Along the borders of the Bann, in the vicinity of Blackwater, and the large streams which ran in the lower parts of Antrim, Down, Tyrone, and Derry, there had also sprung up several minor "bleacheries," as they were called, but the total amount of business done in each of these was comparatively small. Mr. Crommelin's great desire was to erect a place of finish on a large scale, with all the latest improvements; and having applied to the lord of the soil for thai purpose, a grant of land was attained on the banks of the Lagan, and on the site now occupied by the Hilden flax-spinning and thread-manufacturing works. Besides this seat of finish, another plot of ground further down the river was afterwards taken for a like purpose. It was called New Holland, from the circumstance of several Dutch bleachers, who had been brought over by Mr. Crommelin, being the principal hands engaged in it.

After considerable difficulties had been surmounted in getting up the buildings for the indoor department of the process at the Hilden field, and also in the laying out of the lands for grassing the linens, the concern was set to work in the spring of 1701.

When the new concern commenced work the season for bleaching linen lasted only eight months in each year. From the close of October till the beginning of March the works were totally suspended, as it was considered that goods would be seriously injured if spread out on the grass during the prevalence of snow, or frost. The new bleachfield, however, was a great success, and its founder felt no little pride in it. Several years afterwards, and when writing a report of what had been accomplished, he requested these who were disposed "to erect bleacheries" to visit his concern at Hilden, adding, with excitation, that it would "serve them as a model."

After the Battle of the Boyne several Dutchmen who had been engaged in that campaign settled in different parts of Ulster. Two of those people, named respectively Mussen and Munts, selected Lambeg as their resting-place, and as each had been engaged in the finish of linen in Holland, their knowledge of the art of bleaching proved highly advantageous to the staple industry of that district. An interesting incident is related of René Bulmer, one of the French exiles, who had resided there for some time previous to the landing of King William at Carrickfergus. This person was a native of West Flanders, where he had attained much celebrity for his skill as a blacksmith, and also as a professor of the veterinary art. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes the elder Bulmer and his family were obliged to seek refuge in distant lands from the persecution that raged in their own country. When the Prince of Orange and his followers were on their way from Belfast to meet the army of King James, the troops arrived at Lambeg, from the centre of which five roads branched off in different directions. Seeing a person standing at one of the cottage doors, King William, who rode at the head of a troop, inquired, in language largely intermixed with French idiom, which of the roads led to Lisburn and Hillsborough. Mr. Bulmer, to whom the question was addressed, replied in genuine French. Evidently gratified at meeting so unexpectedly a native of Gaul, his Majesty entered into a friendly conversation with him for several minutes relative to his native place, and the circumstances that led to the exile of his family; and after paying a very gallant compliment to the young and handsome wife of this informant, who had come out to see the soldiers, the Royal traveller shook hands with each of them, and passed on with his troops towards their destination.

Throughout his reign, short as it was, William the Third continued to take the utmost interest in Ireland's linen manufacture, and for all those gentlemen who were so zealous in promoting its progress he entertained the highest regard. Two years before his death a patent was issued granting, for a specified period, the sum of eight hundred a year to. Mr. Crommelin as interest for the capital -- ten thousand pounds -- which he had advanced from his own private resources to carry on the different works in which he was engaged. In addition to this "grant" there were also allowed him an annuity of two hundred pounds, besides one hundred and twenty pounds a year for his three assistants. Each of these officials had a particular district under his charge. At one period of the season he watched over the culture of flax, at another he inspected the spinning and weaving departments of the trade, and through the summer his visits were frequent to the bleachfields.

The death of the King, which took place a few days after an accident arising from a falling off his charger, in February, 1702, deprived the Irish linen trade of its Royal patron. No cause was ever assigned for the ungracious act, but also immediately after the accession of Queen Anne the grant settled on Mr. Crommelin was cancelled by the Imperial Treasury. This was at once a most disgraceful proceeding and a flagrant breach of faith. The annuity could not be called a Royal pension, but rather a sum freely awarded as interest on the capital that Mr. Crommelin had invested for a public purpose, and which the late Monarch felt certain was permanently secured to that gentleman for the twelve years mentioned in the Royal patent.

When the Government of Queen Anne refused one portion of the supplies formerly handed over for the encouragement of the linen trade, Mr. Crommelin's ten thousand pounds were scattered throughout the country, in the shape of looms, spinning-wheels, machines for the preparation of flax, and bleaching apparatus, all of which had been lent to weavers, spinners, farmers, and owners of small bleachfields -- not more than one-half the value of which was ever repaid. It must, however, have been highly gratifying to the founder of the new system of linen manufacture to watch the growing success of his projects, and to see the gratifying results which extended profits and higher wages had produced in the circumstances of manufacturers and weavers.

In other quarters, too, there was abundant evidence to prove that his labours had not been in vain. The year after the appointment of the Board of Trustees the following notice was placed on the records of that institution:-- "Louis Crommelin and the Huguenot colony have been greatly instrumental in improving and propagating the flaxen manufacture in the North of this kingdom, and the perfection to which the same is brought in that part of the country has been greatly owing to the skill and industry of the said Crommelin." The dignity which that enterprising man imported to labour, and the halo which his example cast around physical exertion, had the best effect in raising the tone of popular feeling, as well among the patricians as amid the peasants of the North of Ireland. His love of industry did much to break down the national prejudice in favour of idleness, and cast doubt on the social orthodoxy of the idea then so popular with the squirearchy, that those alone who were able to live without employment had any rightful claim to the distinctive title of gentlemen. The industrial reformer, even unknown to himself, battled successfully against such fallacies. A patrician by birth and a merchant by profession, he proved, by his own life, his example, and his enterprise, that an energetic manufacturer may, at the same time, take a high place in the conventional world. This was the solution of an exceedingly knotty problem in the conventional ethics existing a century and a half ago, and on that question the Huguenot leader taught lessons scarcely less valuable than those which his more direct pupils were every day learning at his hands.

In that admirably conducted work, the "Ulster Journal of Archæology," there are to be found some very interesting records of the French exiles and their places of settlement in Ireland. Among the names of many families residing in Belfast and Lisburn there are still some which represent those of the Gallic settlers -- viz., Brethet, Bulmer, Chartres, Drewet, Dubourdieu, Dunville, Dulop, Duprey, Goyer, Jellett, Lascellas, Martine, Nobett, Perrin, Petticrew, Roche, Saurin, St. Clair, Sevigne, and Valentin.

(Next Week: The Huguenots, by Smiles)

=========================

THE WAR.

-- -- -- --

EARLY RESUMPTION OF ENEMY OFFENSIVE EXPECTED.

-- -- -- --

The French, who have been holding the enemy, have carried out successful local operations between the Oise and the Marne, the most notable being an advance, in conjunction with American troops of over 1,000 yards north-west of Chateau-Thierry. South-west of Rheims the Germans have captured the village of Bligny and heights to the south, but the latter were regained by British troops. The Germans report local gains south-east of Noyon, north of the Aisne, and in the Savieres region.

The Germans are showing a somewhat significant trench raiding activity on the Belgian front and on the British front between Ypres and Albert. Near Locre, south-west of Ypres, the French repelled attacks.

An early a resumption of the German offensive on a large scale is expected in view of the coming of British and American reinforcements. A prominent French journal suggests that the new German drive will be made in the regions of Compiegne and Villers Cotterets in their thrust towards Paris.

The Germans claim to have captured, since the opening of their new offensive on May 27, more than 55,000 prisoners, 6S0 guns, and 2,000 machine guns, an increase of 10,000 prisoners and 250 guns since June 1, and a total capture since March 21 of 181,000 prisoners and 2,400 guns.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

KILLED IN ACTION.

Private Fred. St. George Cooke.

Official intimation has been received by Mrs. Cooke, 18 Bachelors' Walk, Lisburn, that her husband, Private Frederick St. George Cooke, Royal Irish Fusiliers (late North Irish Horse), has been killed in action. Private Cooke was a member of Whitehead U.V.F. and the Masonic craft. He was the eldest son of the late Mr. Francis Cooke, Gortermone House, Carrigallen, County Leitrim. Private Cooke leaves a young widow to mourn his loss.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

PRISONER OF WAR.

Corporal James M. Irvine.

Corporal James M. Irvine, Royal Irish Rifles, prisoner of war, is the husband of Mrs. Ellen Irvine, 15 Hilden View, Tullynacross, and son of Mr. Robert M. Irvine, caretaker Sewerage Works, New Holland. Corporal Irvine enlisted in Nov., 1915, and went to the front in May of last year. He took part in the fighting at Messines, Ypres, and Cambrai. He returned to the front, after short leave, on the 1st March. He was reported missing following the opening of the German offensive in that month, and much anxiety was felt concerning him. A postcard has now been received from him stating that he is well, but a prisoner of war. Prior to the war Corporal Irvine was in the employment of Messrs. Lyle Taggart & Co., Bushmills.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

MILITARY CROSS AWARDS.

The Military Cross has been awarded to the following:--

Captain J. G. Johnston, M.B, R.A.M.C. (Birthday Honours).
Captain Edwin Sinton, R.E.
Lieut S. Deans, R.I.R.
Lieut. W. E. Coulter, Leinster Regt.

Captain J. G. Johnston.

Captain Joseph G. Johnston, M.B., R.A.M.C,, awarded the M.C. in the Birthday Honours, is a popular young Lisburn practitioner. He took his M.B. at Queen's in 1908, and resided in Lisburn till he joined the army in 1914. He is the eldest son of Mr. A. G. Johnston, Mahee Island, Comber, and is married to the elder daughter of Mr. H. C. Wilkins, Baroda House, Surbiton. Captain Johnston, who was a medical officer in the U.V.F., joined up on the formation of the Ulster Division, and has been with them since through the Somme, Cambrai, and St. Quentin. He has already been mentioned in despatches. He is an ardent Rugby footballer, representing Ulster in the last Junior Inter-Provincial match played. He is well known in Masonic circles in Lisburn, being a member of Lodge 178.

Captain E. Sinton.

Captain Edwin Sinton, R.E., formerly manager of the Picture House, Royal Avenue, Belfast, who is an old Ulster Provincial School boy, fought throughout the South African campaign, afterwards enlisting in the Camel Corps in British East Africa, and at the outbreak of the present war joined the North Irish Horse as a trooper, being promoted to the rank of sergeant almost immediately. He received his commission in the Royal Field Artillery, and saw active service with this branch, being subsequently transferred to the Royal Engineers as lieutenant, and was promoted captain during 1917. The recognition of Captain Sinton's long and varied service on the Western front is very gratifying to his relatives in Ulster and to his wife, who it at present sister in charge of a military hospital in England. For her services in a similar capacity in France Mrs. Sinton was mentioned in despatches in 1916, and later received the Royal Red Cross.

Lieut. S. Deans.

Lieut. S. Deans, Royal Irish Rifles, is the youngest son of Mr. James Deans, retired school principal, Ballymacbrennan, Lisburn. He has held a commission in the Rifles since 8th January, 1916. He went to France in July of that year. In July last he received his second star, and for a period was acting captain. Some weeks ago he was appointed engineering or works officer for the battalion, he being an engineer by profession. It is understood that Lieut. Deans was awarded the M.C. for devotion to duty during the German offensive which commenced on the 21st March. He was married last October to Miss Elizabeth M'Keown, eldest daughter of Mr. James M'Keown, Graham's Place, Lisburn, who is a very keen worker on behalf of the fighting services.

Lieut. W. E. Coulter.

Lieut. W. E. Coulter, Leinster Regiment, is the second son of Mr. Stewart Coulter, Railway Street, Lisburn, and was a school teacher by profession prior to the war. He received his commission in Nov., 1915, through the Queen's O.T.C., and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant about a year ago. All his war service has been spent in the East. He went out to Salonica following the rebellion in Ireland, and was subsequently transferred to Palestine, taking part in the entry of Jerusalem. He is at present in hospital at Alexandria. His eldest brother. Lieut. Victor Coulter, Machine Gun Corps, was mentioned in despatches by Sir Douglas Haig. He is home on short leave at present.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

D.C.M. FOR SERGEANT-MAJOR S. WARING.

Company Sergeant-Major Samuel Waring, Machine Gun Corps, who has been awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal in the King's Birthday Honours is a son of Mr. R. Waring (foreman mechanic, Island Spinning Co.), of Cofin View, Mercer Street. C.S.M. Waring went to the front with the South Antrim Volunteers, R.I.R., in October, 1915, but was subsequently transferred to the Machine Gun Corps. He was wounded on the 18th April last. He is one of the old boys of Christ Church Company, Church Lads' Brigade, was a section leader in the U.V.F., and is a member of L.O.L. No. 152, Lisburn. Two of his brothers also volunteered for service, one in the navy and the other in the army.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

LIEUT.-COLONEL M'CALL IN THE BIRTHDAY HONOURS.

Included in the King's Birthday Honours is the name of Brevet Lieut.-Colonel Hugh W. M'Call, who is awarded the D.S.O. Lieut.-Colonel M'Call is a son of Mr. R. A. M'Call K.C., London, and grandson of the late Mr. Hugh M'Call, journalist, Lisburn.

=========================

WHAT HE GOT OUT OF IT.

He never took a day of rest --
He couldn't afford it;
He never had his trousers pressed --
He couldn't afford it;
He never went away care-free,
To visit distant lands, to see
How fair a place this world might be --
He couldn't afford it.

He never went to see a play --
He couldn't afford it;
His love for art he put away --
He couldn't afford it;
He died, and left his heirs a lot,
But no tall shaft proclaims the spot
In which he lies -- his children thought
They couldn't afford it.

 

^ top of page

Marriage

RAMAGE and FEATHERSTONHAUGH -- June 13th, 1918, at the Cathedral, Lisburn, by Rev. E. P. Riddall, assisted by Rev. Canon Carmody (Rector of parish), Rev. R. H. S. Cooper, M.A., and Rev. F. Matchett -- William Ramage, Captain A.S.C., son of George Ramage, of 39 Belmont Avenue, Dublin, to Nora May, daughter of the late Francis Berry Featherstonhaugh, Carrick, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, and Mrs. Vere Gregory, Belvedere, Lisburn.

Death

BALMER -- June 12, at Private Nursing Home, Belfast, Thomas Balmer, Inspector, G.N.R. -- Interred in Mullavilly Churchyard, Portadown, yesterday.

Clippings

SOME EXTRACTS FROM THE

RECORDS OF OLD LISBURN

AND THE MANOR OF KILLULTAGH.

-- -- --

Edited by JAMES CARSON.

-- -- --

LXXXVII

-- -- --

THE HUGUENOT SETTLEMENT IN LISBURN.

The Huguenots in England and Ireland, by Samuel Smiles, LL.D. -- 1889.

I sing of the noble Refugee,
     Who strove in a holy faith,
At the altar of his God to bow,
     When the road was marked with death.

How vain was the flight in the wild midnight
     To the forest's inmost glade,
When the holy few, to those altars true,
     On the green sward knelt and prayed!

When the despot's sword and the bigot's torch
     Had driven him forth to roam
From village, and farm and city, and town,
     He sought our Island Home.

And store of wealth and a rich reward
     He brought in his open hand,
For many a peaceful art he taught,
     Instead of the fireman's brand.

And boldly he fought for the land he'd sought
     When the battle-storm awoke.
In the tented field of the guarded fort,
     Or on board or "Hearts of Oak."

And dear to him now is the red crossed flag
     (His ancient hate and fear);
And well does he love his adopted land
     And the friends who've welcomed him here.

The Northern counties of Down and Antrim were, more than any other parts of Ireland, regarded as the sanctuary of the refugees. There they found themselves amongst men of their own religion -- mostly Scottish Calvinists, who had fled from Stuart persecutions in Scotland to take refuge in the comparatively unmolested districts of Ulster. Lisburn, formerly called Lisnagarvey, about ten miles south-west of Belfast, was one of their favourite settlements. The place had been burnt to the ground in the civil war of 1641; but with the help of the refugees, it was before long restored to more than its former importance, and became one of the most prosperous towns in Ireland.

The government of the day, while they discouraged the woollen manufacture of Ireland because of its supposed injury to England, made every effort to encourage the trade in linen. An Act was passed with the latter object in 1697, containing various enactments calculated to foster the growth of flax and the manufacture of linen cloth. Before the passing of this Act, William III., invited Louis Crommelin, a Huguenot refugee, then temporarily settled in Holland, to come over into Ireland and undertake the superintendence of the new branch of industry.

Crommelin belonged to a family that had carried on the linen manufacture in the various branches in France for upwards of 400 years. He had himself been engaged in the business for more than thirty years at Armancourt, near Saint Quentin in Picardy, where he was born. He was singularly well fitted for the office to which the King called him. He was a man of admirable business qualities, excellent good sense, and remarkable energy and perseverance. Being a Protestant, and a man of much foresight, he had quickly realised what he could of his large property in the neighbourhood of St. Quentin, shortly before the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; and he had migrated across the frontier into Holland before the bursting of the storm.

In 1698 Crommelin, having accepted the invitation of William, left Holland, accompanied by his son, and shortly after his arrival in England he proceeded into the North of Ireland to fix upon the site best but adapted for his intended undertaking. After due deliberation he pitched upon the ruined village of Lisnagarvey as the most suitable site for his purpose. Crommelin's first factory was at the foot of the wooden bridge over the Lagan, and his first bleaching-ground was started at the place called Hilden. The King approved of the selection, and authorised Crommelin to proceed with the operations, appointing him "Overseer of the Royal Linen Manufactory of Ireland." In consideration of Crommelin advancing £10,000 out of his own private fortune to commence the undertaking, a grant of £800 per annum was guaranteed to him for twelve years -- being at the rate of 8 per cent. on the capital invested. At the same time, an annuity of £200 was granted to him for life, and £120 a year for two assistants, whose duty it was to travel from place to place and superintend the cultivation of the flax, as well as to visit the bleaching-grounds and see to the proper finishing of the fabric.

Crommelin sent invitations abroad to the Protestant artizans to come over and join him, and numbers of them responded to his call. A little colony of refugees of all ranks and of many trades was soon planted at Lisburn, and the place exhibited an appearance of returning prosperity. With a steadiness of purpose which distinguished Crommelin through life, he devoted himself with unceasing zeal to the promotion of the enterprise which he had taken in hand. He liberally rewarded the toil of his brother-exiles, and cheered them on the road to success. He imported from Holland a thousand looms and spinning-wheels of the best construction, and gave a premium of £5 for every loom that was kept going. Before long he introduced improvements of his own in the looms and spinning-wheels, as well as in the implements and in the preparation of the material. Every branch of the operations made rapid progress under the Huguenot chief -- from the sowing, cultivation, and preparing of the flax through the various stages of its manipulation, to the finishing of the cloth at the bleachfield. And thus by painstaking skill and industry, zealously supported as he was by his artisans, Crommelin was shortly enabled to produce finer sorts of fabrics and had ever before been made in Britain.

Crommelin, amongst his other labours for the establishment of the linen trade, wrote and published at Dublin, in 1705, "An Essay towards the Improving of the Hempen and Flaxen Manufactures of the Kingdom of Ireland," so that all might be made acquainted with the secret of his success and enabled to follow his example. The treatise contained many useful instructions for the cultivation of flax in the various stages of its planting and growth, together with directions for the preparation of the material and the several processes of spinning, weaving, and bleaching.

Though a foreigner, Crommelin continued throughout his life to take a warm interest in the prosperity of his adopted country; and his services were recognised, not only by King William, who continued his firm friend to the last, but by the Irish Parliament, who from time to time voted grants of money to himself, his assistants, and his artizans, to enable him to prosecute his enterprise; and in 1707 they voted him the public thanks for his patriotic efforts towards the establishment of the linen trade in Ireland, of which he was the founder. Crommelin died in 1727, and was buried beside other members of his family in the churchyard at Lisburn.

The French refugees long continued a distinct people in the neighbourhood. They clung together, associated and worshipped together, frequenting their own Huguenot church, in which they had a long succession of French pastors. [The Rev. Saumarez Dubourdieu, grandson of the celebrated French pastor of the Savoy church in London, was minister of the French church at Lisburn for forty-five years, and so beloved in the neighbourhood that, at the insurrection of 1798, he was the only person in Lisburn whom the insurgents agreed to spare. The French congregation having become greatly decreased, by deaths as well as intermarriages with Irish families, the chapel was at length closed. It is now used as the courthouse of Lisburn. The pastor Dubourdieu joined the Established Church, and was presented with the living of Lambeg. His son, rector of Anahilt, County Down, was the author of "A Statistical Survey of the County Antrim," published in 1812.] They carefully educated their children in the French language, and in the Huguenot faith, cherishing the hope of being enabled some day to return to their native land. But that hope at length died out, and the descendants of the Crommelins eventually mingled with the families of the Irish, and became part of parcel of the British nation.

Among the other French settlers at Lisburn was Peter Goyer, a native of Picardy. He owned a large farm there, and also carried on an extensive business as a manufacturer of cambric and silk, at the time of the Revocation. When the Dragonnades began, he left his property behind him and fled across the frontier. The record is still preserved in the family of the cruelties practised upon Peter's martyred brother by the ruthless French soldiery, who tore a leaf from his Bible and forced it into his mouth before he died. From Holland, Goyer proceeded to England, and from thence to Lisburn, where he began the manufacture of articles for which he had acquired so much reputation in his own country. After a short time he resolved on returning to France, in the hope of being able to recover some of this property. But the persecution was raging more fiercely than before, and he found that if captured he would probably be condemned to the galleys for life. He again contrived to make his escape, having been carried on board an outward-bound ship concealed in a wine-cask. Returned to Lisburn, he resumed the manufacture of silk and cambric, in which employed a considerable number of workmen. His silk manufacture was destroyed by the rebellion of 1798, which dispersed the workpeople; but that of cambric survived, and became firmly founded at Lurgan, which now enjoys a high reputation for the perfection of its manufactures.

(To be Continued.)

=========================

THE IRISH DEPORTEES.

Places of Internment.

The Irish Press Bureau issues the following:--

As it has been reported to the Chief Secretary that some of the persons who have been arrested and interned have not availed themselves of the opportunity which was given to them of making their place of interment known to their friends, the Chief Secretary published the following list, which shows the names of the persons and interned, with the places of interment:--

Birmingham Prison -- Dr. H. R. MacNab, Daniel Doherty, T. M. Russell, Stephen Jordan, Bernard Fallon, George Nicholls, Colman O'Geary, Bryan Higgins, Dr. Bryan Cassick, Edward Waldron, Count Plunkett, and Peter O'Horihane.

Gloucester Orison -- Thomas Dillon, Jos. M'Guinness, John M'Entee, Desmond Fitzgerald, Arthur Griffith, D. M'Cullough, Joseph MacBride, J. J. O'Connor, J. N. Dolan, D. M'Cann, and T. Hunter.

Reading Prison -- William P. Cosgrave, Walter P. Cole, Richard Davys, Frank Fahy, John Hurley, and Dr. Richard Hayes.

Durham Prison -- Darrel Figgis, Michael Fleming, Patrick Sugrue, Michael Spillane, and Michael Travers.

Lincoln Prison -- E. D. Valera, John Milroy, John M'Garry, John Mahony, Peter de Loughrey, Philip Monaghan, John Corcoran, Thomas Ruane, J. R. Etchingham, P. M. Burke, Michael Lennon, James Dobbin, and Paul D. Cussick.

Usk Prison (Monmouthshire) -- John J. Clancy, Patrick J. Berrill, W. J. B. Whitmore, Edward Moan, Frank Shouldice, Timothy Barry, P. Hughes, J. Minahan, C. O'Donovan, R. Coleman, S. Lawless, J. K. O'Reilly, R. Haskins, W. Loughran, G. A. Lyons, H. Mellows, J. McGrath, P. O'Keeffe, G. Gerrity, and S. Drohan.

Holloway Prison -- Countless Markievicz, Mrs. Maud Gonne, and Mrs. Tom Clarke.

The Chief Secretary will have inquiries made into any complaint which may be sent to him regarding either the treatment or condition of interment of any of the above.

=========================

MASONIC GIRLS' SCHOOL.

Result of Half-yearly Elections.

At the half-yearly meeting of the governors on Tuesday the following twelve candidates were elected pupils of the Masonic Female Orphans School, Ballsbridge:--

(1) Jane E. D. Fluke, daughter of the late Bro. Samuel Fluke, captain Royal Irish Rifles, Lodge 90, Cavan -- 4,958 votes.

(2) Margaret M. Conboy, daughter of the late Bro. Thomas Conboy, farmer, Lodge 187, Manorhamilton -- 4,854 votes.

(3) Kathleen E. Jermyn, daughter of the late Bro. Lionel J. Jermyn, bank clerk, Lodge 62, Tralee -- 4,646 votes.

(4) Olive M. Hooper, daughter of the late Bro. Eugene S. W. Hooper, clerk, Lodge 6, Dublin -- 4,600 votes.

(5) Eileen E. Cross, daughter of the late Bro. William J. Cross, engineer, Lodge 296, Banbridge -- 4,450 votes.

(6) Sarah A. Best, daughter of the late Bro. William Best, sculptor, Lodge 231, Portadown.

(7) Phyllis M. Carey, daughter of the late Bro. Charles E. Carey, salesman, Lodge 500, Dublin -- 4,373 votes.

(8) Mary F. Field, daughter of the late Bro. Thomas S. Field, clerk, Lodge 95, Cork -- 4,246 votes.

(9) Frances R. Hall, daughter of the late Bro. Thomas T. Hall, undertaker, Lodge 877, Arklow -- 3,422 votes.

(10) Vera E. Gilbert, daughter of the late William H. Gilbert, bandmaster, Lodge 660, Mountmellick -- 3,035 votes.

(11) Margaret A. Nesbitt, daughter of the late Bro. Robert Nesbitt, N.S. teacher, Lodge 21, Belfast -- 2,549 votes.

(12) Isabella Butler, daughter of the late Bro. Joseph Butler, coastguard, Lodge 191, Buncranna -- 2,537 votes.

There were five unsuccessful candidates.

=========================

LISBURN PETTY SESSIONS.

This court was held yesterday, before Messrs. Robert Griffith, J.P. (presiding); William M'Ilroy, J.P.; William Davies, J.P.; and Thomas Sinclair, J.P. District-Inspector Gregory, R.I.C., and Mr. T. J. English, C.P.S., were in attendance.

Police Cases.

On the evidence of Constable Owen Kelly, Robert Magee was fined in the costs of court for being drunk on 28th ult.

George Cargin, on the testimony of Constable James Kelly, was mulcted in 2s 3d and costs for drunkenness on 25th ult.

Alleged Indecent Behaviour.

Mary Ramsay, 24 Antrim Place, summoned Elizabeth Smith, 20 Sloan Street, or, as alleged, using abusive language towards her on 3rd inst. There was a cross-case of a similar nature.

Mr. W. G. Maginness, solicitor, appeared for Ramsey, and said that all his client wanted was peace and a stop put to the annoyance she received from Smith.

Smith alleged that she was the aggrieved party.

Without going into the evidence, there Worships adjourned the cases for six months on Ramsey and Smith promising not to interfere with each other in the future.

Petrol Prosecution.

District-Inspector Gregory prosecuted George Hogg, Minnie M'Cleery, and her brother, Albert M'Cleery, all of Belfast, for, as alleged, causing John Dougall, Garfield Taxi Company, Belfast, to use petrol contrary to the Motor Spirit (Consolidation) and Gas Restriction Order, 1918; and John Dougall was summoned for using the petrol.

Mr. W. G. Maginness appeared for three of the defendants, Dougall alone not being professionally represented.

Constable Newman said he stopped the driver of a taxi going through Lisburn on 19th May, and asked for his licence and petrol permit. He produced the latter, and witness found out subsequently that the driver was licensed as his stated. The driver told him that he was returning from leaving a party of three near Omagh. He was sent to Palestine Street, Belfast, to lift them, and was told that the mother of some of them were seriously ill. He thought it was all right on that account.

The District-Inspector said if it could be proved that the woman was dangerously ill he would withdraw the case, but there seemed to be a doubt about the matter.

For the defence,

Mr. Maginness said that Miss Minnie M'Cleery wired mother on Saturday, the 19th May, saying that her brother and Mr. Hogg and herself were going up to see her. Mrs. M'Cleery was seriously ill at the time. When they went to the station they found that the ordinary train was off, and that they could not get by train that night. Later on, after consultation, they decided to go by motor, as they were afraid their mother would be upset when they did not turn up. They went to Messrs. Melville's, who could not give them a taxi owing to the shortage of petrol, but the car got a card for them. It was a bona-fide transaction. It was a case of poor but very respectable people, who knew their mother was sick, and knew that it might be serious if they sent her a wire saying they couldn't get to see her. £6 was paid for the taxi (receipt produced) for the journey to Donaghamie, Beragh, County Tyrone, and the parties stopped over with their mother and did not return in the taxi.

Mr. Maginness also put in a certificate from Dr. Leitch, Beragh, which stated that he was attending Mrs. M'Cleery, Donaghamie, who had been seriously ill from an attack of bronchitis.

The evidence bore out Mr. Maginness' statement.

District-Inspector Gregory said that if it had been proved to the police before that Mrs. M'Cleery was seriously ill he would not have brought the prosecution. In the circumstances he had no option, as a taxi could not legally go three miles outside the city boundary of Belfast.

The Worships said the inspector was perfectly right to prosecute, but they were satisfied with the bona fides of the transaction, and the dismissal for cases on the merits.

Food Control Prosecution.

District-Inspector Gregory prosecuted Daniel M'Kinney, Bow Street, for having, on 30th ult. sold a quantity of oats to Robert Capper, Soldierstown, and Joseph Jamieson, 32 Irwin Street, Portadown, at a price in excess of the price fixed by the Grain Prices Order, 1917, No. 82, and an Order amending same dated 5th April, 1918.

Mr. W. G. Maginness, solicitor, appeared for the defence.

Robert Capper, in reply to Mr. Gregory, said he was a hauler of boats on the canal. On the 30th ult. he went to the defendant's shop for two stone of corn for his horse. He asked if they had any corn for sale, and was told that they had plenty. He asked for a stone, for which it said 3s. The corn was measured at what was said was a storm.

By Mr. Maginness -- He did not ask for a "feed." He was told the stone would cost 3s. He did not know exactly what he got, as it was measured.

Joseph Jamison, hauler, said he was with the last witness at the time, and asked for a half-stone of corn. He was told that the measure held 3½ lbs., and that the corn would cost 3s a stone. He got a half-stone.

To Mr. Sinclair -- He did not ask for a "feed."

Mr. Gregory -- The correct price of the corn was 2s 3½d per stone.

Mr. Maginness said that the defendant merely kept the corn for the convenience of carriers. He had no weighbridge, and sold by measure, which held 4½ lbs., and the corn was usually bought in the form of feeds. He produced the measure, and submitted that there was no intention at all on the part of the defendant to act in an unlawful manner.

The magistrates fined defendant 5s and 12s 6d costs in each case.

Indecent Behaviour Charge.

Alice Gillen, 10 Bradbury's Buildings, summoned Ann Watson, Bridge Street, for, as alleged, being guilty of indecent behaviour towards her on 7th inst. There were several cross-summonses arising out of the occurrence.

Mr. Joseph Allen, solicitor appeared for Gillen, Mr. W. G. Maginness, solicitor, for Watson -- the principals.

After evidence of a very contradictory nature had been heard,

Their Worships sent the litigants home advising them to behave themselves.

-- -- -- --

At the Town Court -- Mr. Wm. Davis, J.P., presiding -- Sergeant Edgar charged James M'Intyre and James Wills, Belfast, with indecent behaviour on 8th inst.

Complainant said that the defendants had been at a football match, and were hauling each other about, shamming drunkenness. They used abominable language towards himself.

Defendants, who did not attend, and who, it appeared, were working at munitions, were fined £1 and costs each.

Mr. Maginness remarked that they were well able to pay the fines.

=========================

LISBURN QUARTER SESSIONS.

These sessions were held on Friday last, before His Honour Judge Craig. Mr. Jos. Wilson (registrar) was in attendance.

Bell v. Great Northern Railway.

Robert Bell, merchant, Chapel Hill, Lisburn, processed the great Northern Railway for £7 4s (as the civil bill technically put it) for damages for breach of defendant's contract made on the 17th January, 1918, with the plaintiff to carry for him certain perishable goods, his property -- viz., three skips containing leeks -- from Lisburn to his agent in Glasgow, for reward, and the defendants received the said goods but did not carry them safely, with result that the goods were allowed, by the negligence and want of care of the defendants, to remain at Queen's Bridge, Belfast, until they were valueless, to the plaintiff's loss in the amount aforesaid.

Mr. Joseph Allen, solicitor, appeared for plaintiff, and Mr. Wellington Young for the Railway Company.

The case came on at the April sessions, when, after hearing the evidence, his honour adjourned it to Belfast for judgement. It was subsequently further adjourned, and came on for disposal on Friday.

After a lengthened judgement, his Honour dismissed the case on the merits.

Mr. Allen served notice of appeal.

Accident at Glenmore.

Compensation Claim Refused.

This was an application for compensation by Mrs. Margaret Murray, 30 Grand Street, Low Road, Lisburn, in respect of the death of her husband, who on the 4th February met with an accident at Glenmore Bleachworks by being struck by a handcart driven by Stephen Dornan.

Mr. James Reid, B.L. (instructed by Mr. T. Alexander, solicitor, Belfast), appeared for the applicant, and Mr. William Beattie, B.L. (instructed by Messrs. C. & H. Jefferson, solicitors, Belfast), for the respondents, Messrs. Richardson, Song, & Owden.

Stephen Dornan, in reply to Mr. Reid, said he was employed at Glenmore Bleachworks as a kieveman. On the morning of the 4th February, at about a quarter-past five o'clock, he and John Murray were engaged in bringing empty handcarts from the kieve to the Brown Hill to be filled. Murray's cart struck another cart which was on the way. He (witness) was following, and his cart struck Murray on the ankle. Murray dropped his cart, but subsequently both preceded on. It was a dark morning, and there was no light at the place. Murray was limping a bit the next day, and said that his ankle was a bit sore.

By Mr. Beattie -- He told me that I had hit him on the ankle. I didn't know I had done so at the time. I couldn't tell if it was a severe blow. I wasn't sure, for he lifted his cart and went on. He worked up till Thursday, doing his ordinary work. Our job involves very heavy lifts at times. The carts are weighty. With a load on a cart would weigh about 5 cwt. I met Murray on the following Saturday in Lisburn. I noticed that he had a new pair of boots on. I never saw him afterwards.

Mrs. Murray deposed that she remembered her husband returning from his work at 11-30 on the morning of the 4th February. She noticed that he was lame when he came in, and she bathed his ankle with hot water and mustard. He went to bed, and attended his work the next morning. He was limping and complaining of pain. On Wednesday she bathed his ankle with methylated spirit, but he got worse every day. When he returned home on Thursday he did not go back to his work again, as the ankle was doing no good. On Friday morning when he went for his wages. It was about ten minutes' walk from the house to the green. On Saturday morning at 11-30 he went to Lisburn for his tobacco. He came home assisted by two boys, Frank Close and Terence M'Greavy. One of them took off his boot and bandaged his ankle. She noticed some blood. Dr. Clarke was sent for, and after his arrival her husband was taken to the Infirmary. She saw him there on the following Tuesday, and he was getting on as well as might be expected. That was the last time she saw him alive. He died on the following Thursday. He gave her 30s a week when he was working.

By Mr. Beattie -- She had a daughter, who earned 15s a week in Belfast, and a son, who was married. When her husband returned from his work on the first day after the accident, his ankle was swollen and the leg black up to the knee. Apparently he was in a very bad state. He got a new pair of boots on the Saturday, and was wearing them when he was brought home. Before she wrote the letter to the firm about husband's death she was sent for by Mr. Quarry, who offered to give her some work. That was the first time she told Mr. Quarry about the accident.

Frank Close, Spruce Street, Low Road, said that he met John Murray between 2 and 2-30 p.m. on Saturday at the head of Grand Street. He was limping, and he (witness) thought he would give him a bit of assistance. He helped, along with Terence M'Greavy, to take him home, and saw blood on the top of his boot around the ankle. He (witness) went for the doctor.

Terence M'Greavy give corroborative evidence, adding that he did not observe any appearance on Murray's clothes as if he had fallen.

Dr. St.George, replying to Mr. Reid, said the John Murray died in the Infirmary on the 14th February, and that he was present at his death, which was due to a clot of blood on the brain -- cerebral embolism -- the result of a compound fracture of the leg.

By Mr. Beattie -- Deceased had a compound fracture of the leg, which had taken place quite recently -- not more than an hour or so before his admission to the Infirmary. The fracture had lacerated a vien. That might happen by a person slipping -- it was the most common way -- a sudden twist of the ankle inwards. It was very unlikely to happen from a blow. Assuming that the man met with the truck accident on the previous Monday, it would have had no effect whatever on his sustaining the fracture. "He could not have walked at all was the fracture I saw on Saturday. There was nothing to indicate to me that he had met a previous accident. I only got the usual history from the man, that he twisted his ankle going up to the town. I never heard of the hurt to his leg until after his death."

Dr. Clarke deposed that he was sent for to attend Murray on the 9th February. He found him suffering from a compound fracture of the leg -- what was called a Pott's fracture. The man was sitting up, with his legs supported in front of him. On the inner side of the ankle the skin was broken, and blood was flowing from it. He (the doctor) was able to move the ankle quite freely, and the man did not complain of feeling any pain. On the other side of the ankle there was a bruise, with some discolouration. He directed the man's removal to the Infirmary. Deceased had given him an account of how the accident happened at the works. He (the doctor) was of the opinion that deceased could have walked to Lisburn after the accident on Monday. The effect of his walking would delay the healing of the bone, and would contribute to the compound fracture which happened on Saturday.

Replying to his honour, witness said he was disputing that the man died of cerebral embolism, the peculiar form as described by Dr. St.George.

To Mr. Reid -- Deceased might have died similarly from the injury to the large bone.

His Honour refused the application, and respondents did not ask for costs.

John K. Palmer, Ballydonaghy, v. Thomas Nesbitt, Ballydonaghy.

This was a process for damages for assault. Mr. Maginness appeared for the plaintiff, Mr. Holmes for defendant.

After hearing the evidence, his Honour dismissed the case.

Malicious Injury Claim.

William Dobbin M'Cord, Ballykelly, claimed damages against the Antrim Co. Council for malicious injury to his windows, plough, and straw, Ballykelly, on the 23rd May last.

Claimant stated he purchased the farm some short time ago, and that he saw the premises on Thursday, and they were then all right. On Sunday morning when he went to the premises to find the straw burned, the plough broken and rendered useless, and all the windows in the house smashed, and also a portion of the door. He claimed £14 12s. He proved the value of straw on the plough, and the carpenter proved the costs of repairing the windows and doors.

A decree for the amount was given, to be levied on the electoral division of Legatirriff.

Mr. W. G. Maginness appeared for the applicant, the Mr. Beattie, B.L. (instructed by Mr. D. B. Simpson) for the Lisburn Rural District Council.

Work Done.

George Wilson, Smithfield, Lisburn, carrier, processed Matthew Brown, Moyrusk, overlooker, for £5 for work done, and there was a set-off for damages to furniture.

His honour gave a decree for the full amount claimed, and dismissed the set-off.

Mr. W. G. Maginness for plaintiff; Mr. John Graham, Belfast, for defendant.

Lockhart v. Green.

Joseph Lockhart, solicitor, Lisburn, v. John Green, farmer, Portmore. Process for £3 2s for professional services. The point in dispute was whether instructions were giving for a transfer of mortgage or not. Decree for the full amount.

Mr. Lockhart appeared on his own behalf, and Mr. Maginness for the defence.

Drennan v. Bryars.

William Drennan, farmer, Drumbeg, v. Thomas Bryars, farrier, Ballyskeagh. Process for £7 1s 6d, balance price of turnips and potatoes sold, giving credit for certain manure received. Defendant claimed a set-off drawing work. Dismissed on the merits.

Mr. Beattie, B.L. (instructed by Mr. Simpson), for plaintiff; Mr. Maginness for defendant.

Marsden v. Ballance and James Hendren.

Edward Marsden, labourer, Brackenhill, v. Henry Ballance and James Hendren, executors of Samuel T. Green, late of Derrykillultagh, deceased. Process for £2 5s, which the plaintiff, a railway labourer, claimed for work done for the deceased in his lifetime. Decree for £1 10s.

Mr. Allen for plaintiff; Mr. Maginness were defendants.

=========================

BELFAST NURSE'S SUICIDE.

Tragic Love Story.

A distressing love story was revealed at an inquest in Belfast on Tuesday, when the jury returned a verdict of suicide during temporary insanity in the case of Nurse Bridie Purcell, aged 27, who had been on the staff of a city private hospital.

From the evidence it appeared that deceased had been engaged to Captain Herbert Moore, R.A.M.C., for twelve months, that on Thursday last she received a letter from him ending the engagement, and offering to pay her hospital training fees; that she was greatly worried, and that on Saturday, she was found in bed suffering from poisoning; that in her agony she cried "Bertie! Bertie!" and that she died on Sunday. A bottle of poison tablets was missing from the operating theatre of the institution.

The girl's father had intimated to Captain Moore, by telegram, the time of the inquest, but there was no reply, and he now said there was no necessity for anyone to pay deceased's fees and that he had been always against the match, for, he added, "the man was a physical wreck." The Coroner (Dr. J. Graham) described Captain Moore's letter as "a cruel and most brutal" one.

=========================

THE WAR.

-- -- -- --

THE GREAT BATTLE.

-- -- -- --

FINE WORK BY THE FRENCH.

-- -- -- --

The great battle on the Western front continues with added fury, but as the result of five days fighting the present attack is regarded in military circles as very much less successful than previous ones. The French have put up a particularly fine resistance, and the German losses have been very much heavier than in the recent battles on the Aisne.

Yesterday the Germans launched a powerful thrust against the French north of Mery (south-east of Montdidier), but the attack was smashed and the enemy compelled to fall back to their starting point. On the northern bank of the Matz our Allies have recaptured the heights of La Croix, Recard, and Melicocq, taking 100 prisoners and some machine guns. Between the Aisne and the Forest of Villers-Cotterets the enemy have gained a footing in the villages of Laversine, Coeuvres, and St. Pierre Aigle. On the Marne front, Americans have repulsed an attack at Bouresches.

Our troops have carried out a successful raid south-east of Arras, while as the result of a night attack our line has been advanced south-east of Merris. British airmen have bombed Treves, Metz-Sablons, Dillingen, and Hagendange.

=========================

PRETTY LISBURN WEDDING

RAMAGE--FETHERSTONHAUGH.

One of the prettiest weddings that have taken place locally for a long time was celebrated in Lisburn's ancient Cathedral yesterday, the contracting parties being Captain William Ramage. Army Service Corps, of Ballyshannon, and 39 Belmont Avenue, Dublin, and Miss Norah May Fetherstonhaugh, the charming and only daughter of the late Mr. Francis Berry Fetherstonhaugh, Carrick, Mullingar, and Mrs. Vere Gregory, Belvedere, Lisburn. Captain ramage was supported as best man by Second-Lieut. F. B. Fetherstonhaugh, Royal Engineers, brother of the bride, both men being in khaki; while the bride was attended by an equally beautiful young lady, Miss Banks, daughter of Rev. Chancellor Banks, Lambeg Rectory. The ceremony was performed by the Rev. E. P. Riddall, assisted by the Rev. Canon Carmody (rector of the parish), Rev. R. H. S. Cooper (Christ Church), and Rev. Francis Matchett (of Hillsborough).

The bride, who was given away by her stepfather, District-Inspector Vere Gregory, R.I.C., looked particularly winsome in heavy ivory crepe charmeuse trimmed with pearls, a girdle of same being worn, the ends being fastened with tassels reaching to the hem of the gown. The train suspended from the Shoulders was of old French applique lace, fastened with knots of orange blossom. Her veil consisted of Limerick lace (and had been worn by her mother and grandmother on their wedding days), this being held in place, by a tiara of seed pearls and ornaments which belonged to her great-grandmother. To complete the picture, she carried a sheaf of lilies trimmed with a broad ivory ribbon. The bridesmaid was exquisitely dressed in blue Georgette and silver gown with black and silver hat to match, while her bouquet consisted of sweet pea. Mrs. Gregory, mother of the bride, was becomingly gowned in grey over blue Georgette with Indian embroidery, a small black hat with osprey, and carried a bouquet of pink carnations.

The church was crowded to the doors, while outside it was difficult to keep the passageway clear, so great was the desire to see the bride. The service was semi-choral, the music being particularly well rendered by the choir, with Mr. A. W. Anderton attracting special appreciative attention at the organ. The hymn "O Perfect Love" was sung as the bridal party entered the church, while at the end of the betrothal the following lines were appropriately rendered:--

Two hands we've joined together here,
     Join Thou, O Lord, the hearts as well,
That each succeeding, brightening year
     Its tale of growing bliss may tell.

Mendelssohn's "Wedding March" was played on the organ as the obviously happy pair left the church. The local police force, with drawn bayonets, formed an arch of steel, under which they walked to the waiting carriage, and drove off amid shower of confetti and hearty good wishes.

Subsequent to the reception at Belvedere, Captain and Mrs. Ramage left for Kerry, where the honeymoon is to be spent.

=========================

DEATH Of MR. THOMAS BALMER.

G.N.R. Inspector and Prominent Mason.

It is with regret that we record the death, which took place, after a short illness, on Wednesday morning at a private nursing home in Belfast, of Mr. Thomas Balmer, traffic inspector on the Great Northern Railway. The deceased gentleman entered the home on that day week to undergo an operation for what was considered a slight ailment, and the operation was successfully performed on Sunday, but complications developed with a fatal result.

The late Mr. Balmer had been in the service of the Great Northern Railway Company for close on forty years. In his position as traffic inspector he came into contact with the company's employees on every part of the system, and it is a striking tribute to the deceased's worth to say that his death has been heard of with regret and sorrow all over the line.

Of a retiring and quiet disposition, Mr. Balmer was regarded as a staunch and true friend, and in his private life he will be much missed.

He was a member of Christ Church, Lisburn, in the affairs of which be took a deep interest; while he was also prominently identified with the Masonic body, being a P.M. of St. John's Lodge 121, and P.K. and Registrar of Royal Arch Chapter 811. Mr. Balmer was also a Past Grand Officer of the District Grand R.A.C. of Antrim.

Deceased, who was about 60 years of age, leaves a widow and three of a family to mourn his loss, and with them in their bereavement general sympathy will be expressed.

 

^ top of page

Birth

PALMER -- May 7, 1918, at Grace Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the wife of Ernest J. Palmer, of a son.

Marriage

IRVINE--M'CLELLAND -- June 18th, at High Street, Methodist Church, Lurgan, by the Rev. W. J. Wilson, assisted by the Rev. R. G. M'Farland -- Alfred J. P. Irvine, eldest son of the late M. Gardner Irvine and Mrs. Irvine, Trumra House, Moira, County Down, to Elizabeth Florence (Lily), daughter of Mr. and Mrs J. M'Clelland, Mayfield, Redhill, Dromore, County Down, and Ballyshannon, County Donegal.

Death

SCLATER -- June 17, at Kilwarlin House, Hillsborough, County Down, Edward Sclater, aged 56, dearly-beloved husband of Madeline Sclater. -- Interred in Hillsborough Churchyard yesterday (Thursday), 2oth June, at 3 p.m.

Thanks for Sympathy

Mrs. BALMER and Family desire to thank the many kind friends who sympathised with them in their recent sad bereavement; also for beautiful wreaths and letters of sympathy extended. Hoping this will be accepted by all. 13 Westbourne Terrace, Lisburn.

Clippings

SOME EXTRACTS FROM THE

RECORDS OF OLD LISBURN

AND THE MANOR OF KILLULTAGH.

-- -- --

Edited by JAMES CARSON.

-- -- --

LXXXVIII.

-- -- --

THE HUGUENOT SETTLEMENT IN LISBURN.

The History of the Huguenot Settlement in Ireland,
By Thomas Gimlette, D.D. -- 1888.

This work was, unfortunately, never finished owing to the death of the author, and only brings the narrative down to about the year 1690.

The story of the persecution, suffering, and exile of the Huguenots in France is told, and their wanderings traced. The whole is an awful record of bigotry, folly, and inhuman cruelty (embracing the years 1540-1690), whereby the best blood of a mighty nation was shed on the altar of clerical intolerance and stupidity.

There is little in the work bearing directly on the Huguenot settlement in Lisburn. An account of the well-known meeting between the French refugee René Bulmer and King William III. is given. The Wolfenden family at Lambeg is also referred to.

In 1508 the great Henri of Navarre promulgated the Edict of Nantes, which made every Frenchman a freeman in matters of faith. This just and equitable measure was, however, violently opposed and unfairly carried out by his lieutenants and by his successors. For more than a century the French Protestants still struggled for their rights. At last, crushed by the bigoted and despotic Louis, the lamp of the Divine truth was all but extinguished, and by 1685 the edict of freedom was revoked. Three hundred and fifty thousand voluntary exiles then left the shores of their native land. Switzerland, German, Russia, and America received many of the persecuted strangers with open arms. A considerable number found shelter in England. Holland afforded homes for some of the wealthiest, and employment for the most enterprising. In William, Prince of Orange, they found a kind protector. Many of them followed his fortunes when he succeeded to the throne of Great Britain, and in Ireland the greatest of his victories was attained by the steady bravery of the French Protestant refugees.

The Huguenot Colony at Lisburn,
By Dr. Purdon.

This interesting article may be seen in the Ulster Journal of Archæology, vol. 1, 1853. It contains valuable information regarding the colony, and, in addition, extensive notes relating to individual families -- Crommelin, De La Cherois, Dubourdieu, De Lavalade, Roche, Geneste, De Blackquicre, Perrin, Gullot, Jellett, Saurin, Mangin, Goyer, Bulmer, Dupre.

Louis Crommelin.

A concise sketch of his life and work appears in the Dictionary of National Biography and in the "Northern Whig" of July 13, 1885.

The Huguenots In Ulster,
By R. A. M'Call, K.C.
("Lisburn Standard," 21st May, 1915.)

This article contributes practically no new matter of local interest to the narrative of the settlement in Lisburn as given by Hugh M'Call, 1870, and Samuel Smiles, 1889.

From the Ulster Journal of Archæology.

In the "Rounds" on the other side of the mill-race adjoining the Castle Gardens, Lisburn, there is a very fine lime-tree walk, and on one of those lime-trees -- the eleventh on the south-east side -- is clearly cut the following:--

Saumarez Dubourdieu
Aug. 28, 1789.

The cutting has been very carefully made and is in a good state of preservation. On the same tree is also clearly cut the year, 1764. It is considered that this Saumarez Dubourdieu was a grandson of the Rev. Saumarez Dubourdieu, being a son of John Dubourdieu, who was rector of Anahilt. The Rev. Saumarez Dubourdieu, who died in 1812, was minister of the French Huguenot Church in Castle Street, Lisburn, for almost half a century, and subsequently was presented with the living of Lambeg.

The Huguenots and their Settlement in Ireland,
By C. D. Purdon, M.D. -- 1869.

This pamphlet, of some sixteen pages, contains a general history of the Huguenot settlements in the various districts of Ireland. It records numerous items of local interest.

Laval, in his History of the Church of France, has an appendix of one hundred pages, in which he describes in detail the seven different ways they tried to force the reformed to change their religion. Many of the highest rank and station were consigned to the galleys, where they died, under the hands of their task-masters, after having lived in chains many years, However, numbers escaped out of France into the adjoining countries, and were kindly welcomed in each.

Those that escaped into Holland received the patronage and protection of William. Several regiments were formed of the refugees, who accompanied him into England, whence they went to Ireland, grouped into three regiments of infantry and one of cavalry, who did their duty so well that Schomberg, writing to King William, said that from them William had more service than from double the number of others. It is almost unnecessary to mention that to these regiments the victory of the Boyne was, in a great measure, owed. When old Duke Schomberg, pointing to the Irish and French troops, said to them, "Come my friends, bear in mind your courage and resentment -- yonder are your persecutors," which so animated them that they impetuously charged and broke through the French regiments opposite them, commanded by the Duke de Lauzun; and it was after this charge that the aged warrior received his death-wound, and fell in the arms of his chaplain, the Rev. John Dubourdieu, a relative of the old French pastor of Lisburn.

Several Protestant noblemen had printed papers circulated in France to induce the Protestants to come and settle on their estates. Many of them took advantage of these invitations, and came over, who afterwards were joined by others from England and Holland, and, with the officers and soldiers, settled at Belfast, Lambeg, Lisburn, Dundalk, Portarlington, Dublin, Wicklow, Waterford, Kilkenny, Youghal, Innishannon, Bandon, Tallow, Cork, Carlow, and Killeshandra; and we divide these places into two classes -- viz., those that had chapels, and those that had none. In the former we include Lisburn, Dundalk, Portarlington, Dublin, Kilkenny, Waterford, Innishannon, and Cork. Amongst the latter, Belfast, Lambeg, Wicklow, Youghal, Bandon, Tallow, Carlow, and Killeshandra. I may mention that this division was caused by the Government providing endowments of £60 per annum for chaplains to minister to them, when this number exceeded sixty souls; consequently many of these mission settlements very soon merged into larger ones. We shall now take up the first class, and amongst them we find Lisburn holds the chief place, and as we owe to this settlement the present position of the linen trade throughout Ulster, it may be interesting to enter into the cause of its origin more fully than we otherwise would. This settlement derived its prosperity from the fact that the Government of that day, yielding to the representations of the English, were desirous to discourage the woollen manufacture in Ireland, and after having succeeded in almost suppressing it, they, in return, passed a bill to foster that of linen; but though this was passed there was no one left in the country who was able to instruct the Irish in the perfect way of manufacturing linens, notwithstanding that it was formerly used largely by the Irish, and that Lord Strafford had promoted its production in every way. So after this AC was passed, according to the representations of the "Commissioners of Trade," the King, who took a great interest in this manner, invited over from Holland Louis Crommelin, a "Huguenot," whom he appointed "overseer of the Linen Manufacture of Ireland," and encouraged him to bring over others of his countrymen both of high and low rank, to take part in establishing the manufacture and instructing the natives, who were induced by the Act, which gave £10 to every female "who should before the Judge, Sheriff, and Foreman of the Grand Jury at every Summer Assizes spin the best thread on the double wheel, and also receive a certificate as a mistress spinner; and also every weaver was to receive £10 for the best piece of cloth." Crommelin having accepted the King's offer, and also the premium of £5 for every loom that was kept going, brought over from Holland 1,000 looms and spinning wheels of improved construction, and a good number of Huguenots, who formed this colony. Neither were their spiritual wants unprovided for. The Rev. Charles Lavalade, who was a connection of the family, was appointed their pastor, and a church was built for them, and on their assembly each Lord's Day they could join in the worship of the sanctuary in their usual manner, repeating in the beloved language the prayers of their church, and thankful in being able to serve Cod according to their consciences. The reminiscences of this colony are very numerous, but we shall only select two of them -- namely, one respecting the Dubourdieu family, and Peter Goyer. The former one is, that when the son of the last pastor was at the taking of Martinique, the commanding officer of the French, in surrendering his sword to him, said: "My misfortune is the lighter as I am conquered by a Dubourdieu, and a beloved relation. My name is Dubourdieu." This individual was in after years an admiral of France. The latter incident was that Peter Goyer, after having seen his brother killed by Louis' soldiers, who added to their cruelty the mockery of tearing a leaf out of his Bible and forcing it into his mouth before he was killed, escaped concealed in a wine cask. This colony existed for upwards of 80 years, and gradually became extinct by its members moving to other places, by inter-marriages with the original inhabitants, and by joining the Established Church; and though nothing exists of the colony except a few tombstones in the churchyard and kindly recollections of the older inhabitants, yet the fruits remain in the present state of the North of Ireland, towards the prosperity of which it largely contributed in forming the linen and cambric manufacture.

Of the Belfast settlement, some went to Lisburn, where they had their worship celebrated in their native tongue; others remained here, no doubt being influenced in their selection by the appointment of the Rev. M. Saurin as the vicar. But nothing now remains of this settlement. The Lambeg settlement consisted of a few workers who brought their skill with them, and the only tradition we have respecting them is René Bulmer and his wife, who met, along with others, William III. on his route to the Boyne. René requested permission to detail his grievances to the King, which request his Majesty kindly granted. He then requested permission to salute the King's cheek, which was also granted, and then King William jumped off his horse, saying: "And thy wife also;" and she being a very pretty woman, the King kissed her, as the old chronicle says, "right heartilie." This colony was speedily absorbed into the Lisburn one.

(Next week: Origin of the People of Killultagh.)

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LAST THREE CLASSES CALLED UP.

The last three classes of men affected by the recent Military Service Act -- those born in 1867, '68, and '69 -- have been called up for medical examination in Great Britain. This decision makes it clear that men up to but under 51 are liable for service.

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ENEMY SHIPS PINNED IN AT BRUGES.

Dr. Macnamara told Colonel Leslie Wilson in Parliament that Admiral Keyes' despatches dealing with the Zeebrugge operations could not be published, as they contained much which would be of great value to the enemy. Vessels in the Bruges Canal were still confined and subjected to constant bombing, while torpedo boats, destroyers, many submarines, and other craft were also pinned in.

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CONSTABLE SENT FOR TRIAL.

Constable Denis M'Carthy, York Road Barrack, Belfast, has been sent for trial to the Assizes, bail being refused, charged with shooting at Mr. Gerity, D.I., with intent to murder, during a parade of the men in the barrack yard. Constables Hynds and Irwin gave practically the same version of the affair as previous witnesses had given.

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THE WAR.

-- -- -- --

ITALIANS WINNING BACK LOST GROUND.

-- -- -- --

HUGE ENEMY LOSSES.

-- -- -- --

The one fact that emerges unmistakably from the claims of the combatants in Italy since the opening of the Austrian offensive is the carnage must be dreadful on both sides. In the five days of the battle it is claimed that the Italians have inflicted losses estimated at 200,000, including 10,000 prisoners. The enemy appears to be making no substantial new gains, but rather to be losing part of the ground they had won. The non-success of their first blows must have had a discouraging effect on their armies.

The chief changes of ground recorded are that on the Montello front the Austrians have been forced back a mile on a five-mile front, while on the Asiago plateau they have lost Pertigo, Pennar, and Mount Costa Lunga. Against this, the Austrians claim "the fall of the greater part of the Piave front," and that they have driven the Italians back towards the west and south of the railway leading to Treviso.

A slight advance of the British line at Merris (between Ypres and Bethune), a penetration by the French into German lines between Montdidier and the Oise and at Chaune Wood, are the only actions greater than the usual raids reported by the Allies on the West front, where the fierce fighting has died down.

From the German communique it would appear that the British raids, were undertaken in greater strength than usual. The enemy also stales that their thrusting troops penetrated deeply into American positions.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

MAZE OFFICER WOUNDED.

Lieut. James O'Hara, Canadian Infantry, has been wounded a second time while serving on the Western front, and is now in hospital in Portsmouth. He is a son of Mr. P. O'Hara, Lurganure, Maze. Lieut. O'Hara emigrated some years ago, and enlisted in Winnipeg when the war broke out.

-- -- -- -- -- -- --

DUNMURRY MAN GASSED.

Mrs. S. MComb, 4 Mill Row, Dunmurry, has been advised that her husband, Rifleman Samuel M'Comb, Royal Irish Rifles, is in hospital in North Wales, suffering from gas poisoning. He is a member of the North Belfast Regiment U.V.F., R.B.P. 248, and the Orange Institution. Prior to enlistment he was employed at the Queen's Island.

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OUT OF GERMAN CLUTCHES.

-- -- -- --

CAPTAIN C. C. CRAIG NOW INTERNED IN HOLLAND.

-- -- -- --

TRIBUTE TO HIS COMRADES IN SOUTH ANTRIM VOLUNTEERS.

-- -- -- --

Captain C. C. Craig, M.P. for South Antrim, has at last got out of German clutches, and is now interned in Holland, with a prospect of getting home in the near future. It is stated that he looks wonderfully well, considering the terrible experiences he has been through.

Interviewed by a representative of the "Times," he said:--

"I was captured on July 1st, 1916, the opening day of the Somme battle, in front of Thiepval Wood, and was wounded in the leg, but the wound is now quite healed. I feel perfectly well. I was first in hospital at Caudry in France, and then went to camps at Gutersloh (Westphalia), Crefeld, Schwarmstedt, Holzminden, and Freiburg, in Baden. I should prefer at this stage to say nothing concerning my experiences in Germany."

I asked Captain Craig (says the correspondent) if he had any message for home, and he gave me the following message to the electors of South Antrim:-- "After two years' confinement as a prisoner of war in Germany I have at last been exchanged to Holland, and the first use of my freedom is to get into touch again with my constituency. I greatly appreciate your forbearance and patience in that no suggestion has reached me during my captivity of a desire on your part that I should resign my seat and make way for someone who could properly represent you during these critical and troublous times. Such a suggestion, though perfectly natural, would, I admit, have given me great pain, for, however close were the bonds that bound me to my constituents before the war, those bonds are now a thousand times stronger, since I have had the honour and pleasure of serving and fighting side by side with your sons.

"Many of my friends thought I was too old to go to the front, but I thank God every day I did go, and was able to do my share, however small, in fighting for my country. In those twenty-two months during which I was with our battalion I learned to appreciate in a way I could never otherwise have done the splendid qualities of my comrades. In hard times and in easy, in the trenches and in battle, they were always cheery, fearless, and kind. The mud of the trenches, the shells of the enemy, were taken by them with equal philosophy and calm, and on that memorable 1st of July, 1916, when the battalion left Thiepval Wood for its first serious encounter with the enemy, every man of them did his duty so splendidly that you have just cause to be proud of them. It has been my constant sorrow that I have been unable to share their later privations and experience their successes. But is it any wonder that I am proud of having been member for a constituency which produced them? Alas! that so many of them are no more. I can only ask their fathers and mothers to seek consolation in the fact that they died for their country and for the glory of Ulster.

"It gives me gives satisfaction to know that I can now count ladies among the electors of South Antrim. Without their spirit and determination this war could never have been carried on and time and history will show to what extent the country is indebted to them. I hope the day is not far off when I can greet you face to face, a day which I need not say I most eagerly look forward to. Meanwhile I leave your interests with confidence in the hands of my colleagues from Ulster."

Shortly after his arrival in Holland Captain Craig received, among others, the following telegram:-- "On behalf of the Ulster Unionist Party I congratulate you most heartily on your release. We are still holding the fort. No surrender! -- Edward Carson."

 

^ top of page

Birth

MONTGOMERY -- June 22, at Miss Macaulay's Private Nursing Home, 12 Upper Cescent, Belfast, to Mr. and Mrs. J. Montgomer, Newville, Dunmurry -- a son.

Marriage

KERR--M'CONKEY -- June 20, 1918, at St. Mary's Church, Newry, by Rev. H. B. Swanzy, M.A., Private Robert D. Kerr, M.T., A.S.C., eldest son of Robert Kerr, J.P., Newry, to Helen Gertrude M'Conkey, eldest daughter of Thomas A. M'Conkey, Liverpool (formerly of Monaghan).

Deaths

DAWSON -- June 24, at her husband's residence, Edentrillick, Hillsborough, Mary Jane, beloved wife of Joseph Dawson.

KELLY -- June 25, 1918, at his residence, Lisnastrain, Lisburn, William, the beloved husband of Sarah Jane Kelly; and was interred in family burying-ground, Hillhall, on Thursday afternoon at 4 p.m. Friends will please accept this intimation. SARAH JANE KELLY.

Clippings

SOME EXTRACTS FROM THE

RECORDS OF OLD LISBURN

AND THE MANOR OF KILLULTAGH.

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Edited by JAMES CARSON.

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LXXXIX.

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ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION IN THE COUNTIES OF ANTRIM AND DOWN.

Ulster Journal of Archæology, Vol. 1, 1853.

This article and the accompanying maps occupy some 44 pages of the Journal, and deal with the antiquity of the district, importance of the district, topographical outline, physical peculiarities, condition of the country before the Plantation of Ulster, position of ancient districts, the Plantation of Ulster, English settlements in Antrim and Down. The title of the article is rather misleading, as the author confines himself exclusively to the English settlement, practically ignoring the existence of the strong Scottish element which predominates in both counties.

In Ulster the people of Anglo-Saxon ancestry are found in greatest numbers, and there the modes of thought and habits of action bear the closest resemblance to those which are found in Great Britain. There is the stronghold of the United Church of England and Ireland; and there also are found the numerous Presbyterian communities which claim proximate or remote relationship to the Established Church of Scotland. In Ulster, too, partly as a consequence and partly as a collateral fact, law and order are respected, life and property are secure. The wheels of commerce and social life move smoothly on; allowing for slight exceptional cases, property and population maintain a steady increase; and the visitor of enlarged views finds that, as in Scotland, a soil which was naturally unproductive has nourished a population of high promise. In short, except geographically, Ulster is not Irish at all.

What Ulster is to Ireland, Down and Antrim are to Ulster. Within their limits every favourable influence exists in the greatest force, and the elements of civilisation and progress have arrived at the greatest maturity. For three centuries the history of Ulster, and in a less degree of the whole island, belongs mainly to these two counties. They lie in the pathway to Scotland, from which the largest tide of immigration flowed; and they opened their arms to the gallant adventurers of England who risked danger and difficulty in the permanent purchase of title and estate. Whenever blood has flowed in Ulster, whether for the defence of civil liberty or in the deadly feuds of race and creed, the fields of Antrim and Down have been moistened; and in guarding their own hearths and homes, as well as in affording more than a fair proportion for the public service, their sons have never been found wanting.

One reason for the variety of population which these two counties contain is the fact that they were always regarded as a sort of sanctuary. The Huguenot of the Seine felt that he might thank God and take courage, not only in Portarlington, but on the banks of the Lagan. The persecuted Cameronian, fleeing from the enemy or the avenger, hung up his claymore in peace in a farmhouse of Ahoghill or Ballyeaston. The crest-fallen cavalier in the days of Cromwell, and the stern Puritan in the days of "the Merry Monarch," pledged their respective toasts without molestation in Dromore, Carrickfergus, or Ballymena. And later still, the songs of the expatriated Jacobites were sung over the loom and plough by those who little knew what inflammable materials they were handling "while George III. was king."

When the guns of Thurot in 1760, and those of Paul Jones in 1778, woke the echoes around Belfast Lough, they acted as a call to arms of the people in the neighbouring district. Many a "village Hampden" who found a new home in the Western States of America, and many a grey-haired patriarch on the plains of Australia, has secured the breathless attention of an humble auditory as he related with pride how his father rushed to the mustering at the "Maze Course," or in the market-place of Newtownards.

Topographical Outline.

Several of the baronies are sub-divided, for the sake of convenience, into upper and lower districts.

The explanation of this is, that the terms were not fixed by the local inhabitants, nor with relation to the assize town of each county, but by authority and in relation to Dublin. The metropolis of every county is figuratively a head, and provincial districts are the members; so that we are said to go up to the former, and down to the latter. Thus we go up to London, which lies in a basin, and is connected with the sea by a navigable river; we go down to the Scottish border, or to the region of Snowdon. In like manner, in Ireland we go up to Dublin, which is on the seaside, from Croagh-Patrick or Mangerton; we go down to Knock-Layd or Slieve Donard. If therefore, we take the Metropolis as our point of view, even the apparent anomaly vanishes. In every case the district known as "Upper" is nearer to Dublin in geographical position, or at least by the ordinary route for reaching it; and that which is called "Lower" is more remote.

The ecclesiastical arrangements in Antrim and Down differ in some respects from the civil ones. There are three dioceses, which are almost co-extensive with the two counties, but embracing a few additional parishes. The Dioceses of Down and Connor existed distinct from each other from about A.D. 500 to 1441, that is for a period of nine centuries; and as their union took place before the Reformation, they are united at present in the arrangements both of the Established and the Roman Catholic Churches.

Dromore existed as a separate diocese from about 550 to 1842, or during thirteen centuries; it is still so in the Roman Catholic Church, but in the United Church of England and Ireland it forms part of the union of "Down and Connor and Dromore," in accordance with the Church Temporalities Act of 1833.

The boundary line of the Diocese of Dromore coincides with the county boundary near Lough Neagh; then making a circuit north of Aghalee and south of Hillsborough, it includes Anahilt, Magheradrool, Drumgooland, and Kilmegan. This includes the nominally "exempt jurisdiction of Newry and Mourne," of which the Earl of Kilmorey is the lay Lord Abbot. The Diocese of Dromore also includes the portion of Armagh cut off by the upper Bann, and which, therefore, naturally belongs to the County Down. In this is situated Seagoe, reaching to within a mile of Portadown; Moyntaghs, a wilderness of bog on the shore of Lough Neagh: and Shankill, in a portion of which, belonging to Down, the Belfast canal joins Lough Neagh. The only parish in Antrim which belongs to this diocese is Aghalee, which, with the two parishes of Aghagallon and Magheramesk in the Diocese of Connor and County of Antrim, forms a union. A Roman Catholic tradition partly explains this exceptional fact. It is said that Aghalee was formerly like Moyntaghs, and uninhabited, and that it was united, to the Diocese of Dromore as a circumstance of no practical importance.

The Diocese of Down comprises the remainder of the county of that name; except portions of Blaris (i.e., Lisburn), Lambeg, and Drumbeg, which lie across the county boundary, but are included in Connor. In each diocese of the union there is but one archdeaconry, which is, of course, co-extensive with it; and it is a curious fact that the Archdeacon of Down, which is ex-officio rector of Hillsborough, resided till 1842 in the parish adjacent to the Bishop of Dromore. A design once existed, to bring the two episcopal residences into closer proximity. The first Marquis of Downshire, a man of great public spirit, who died in 1794, was the contemporary of Bishop Dickson of Down and Connor. When his Lordship had erected the magnificent church of Hillsborough, which is his noblest monument, he was desirous to induce the Bishop to fix his residence in that town. With the Consistorial Court at Lisburn (only three miles distant), there would certainly have been concentration of offices -- though not at the most convenient point.

The Diocese of Connor is as large as Down and Dromore together. It includes the whole County Antrim (Aghalee excepted), small portions of Down, as we have seen, and part of Londonderry. Following the natural boundary, as the Diocese of Dromore does, It includes Coleraine and Agherton or Ballyaghran, both of which lie wholly within the "Liberties of Coleraine." Within the same limits lie also the principal portions of the parishes of Ballyrashane, or St. John's Town, and Ballywillin, or Milltown; the remaining portions of which are in Antrim. The parish of Ballyscullion, lying west of Lough Beg and the Bann river, is mainly in the County Derry, yet in the Diocese of Connor. A small portion of it, together with the Grange of Ballyscullion, is situated in Antrim.

Parishes are also ecclesiastical divisions, though used for civil purposes.

Since neither diocese nor parishes conform to the limits of counties, it is not to be expected that the latter will be regulated by divisions of a subordinate kind. Accordingly, we find that many parishes are situated partially in each of two baronies.

In Antrim, the parishes of Billy, Killagan, Antrim, Shankill (Belfast), Derriaghy, and Templepatrick are examples of those which extend to two baronies.

The names of parishes are usually those of townlands within their respective limits, each being usually named from that one which contains the church or village, or both. The name of the village often supplants that of the ancient townland, and sometimes both preserve collaterally a dubious claim to notice.

In the parish of Saintfield, the name of Tonaghnieve has disappeared; but there can be little doubt that that was the name of the townland originally, especially as the fraternal name of Tonaghmore still survives. It is not improbable that the ancient name of Dromore parish was Ballymaganlis, from the townland of that name; but the name of the town has naturally superseded it. In Hillsborough parish, the ancient name of Camlin or Crumlin has long ceased to possess any official existence. It is still, however, traditionally known in connection with the ancient burial-ground, now forming part of the lawn of Hillsborough Castle, and its position is marked by the well-known Kate-Rush tree. Hillsborough Church was removed to its present position in 1662, but occasional interments took place in Crumlin burying-ground for nearly thirty years after. The name Shankill, derived from a townland which included a burying-place, is more than obsolescent; except to the inquirer, it may be regarded as obsolete. The town of Belfast constitutes so important a portion of the whole parish that its name has taken precedence; and instead even of the townland of Shankill we read "Edenderry."

Blaris parish is named from an obscure townland in the County Down; and Lisnagarvey, an equally obscure one in the County Antrim, gave name to a town within its limits. The latter was nearly burnt down, and was thence called Lisburn; and the little parish being united with one on the other side of the Lagan, the whole took the name of Blaris.

Moira (also written Moyrath, Moiragh, St. James of Moira, and Magh-Rath) is a name known for more than 1,200 years; yet the name of the townland in which the village is situated is Carnalbanagh and the parish was only constituted from portions of Magheralin and Hillsborough in 1725.

The townlands in Ireland are equivalent to the townships in England; in Scotland the same purpose is generally served by a minuter naming of farms and houses. The townlands are civil divisions; but in one respect they coincide with the ecclesiastical; for all parishes are composed of several of them complete. Their names are very peculiar; in short, the history of their names might almost be made a history of the country.

In the lower parts of Antrim, along the river margins, are to be sought the past and present sites of marshes. The parish of Moyntaghs, in Armagh, has its corresponding townland of Moyntaghs in Aghagallon; both of which will disappear in time, so that the philologist may have to inquire hereafter for the reason of the name. The Bogs of Kilwarlin, the Maze Moss, Blaris Moore, and many such places have become fertile fields; and the numerous names (such as Moss-side, where there is now no moss) are historical as well as topographical.

(To be Continued.)

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THE MARQUIS OF DOWNSHIRE AN ORANGEMAN.

At a special meeting of L.O.L. No. 1090, held in the Downshire Hall, Hillsborough, on Monday evening, the Marquis of Downshire was installed a member prior to his return to England. Lord Arthur Hill (a former W.M. of the lodge) took part in the ceremony. The Marquis was given a rousing reception by the brethren on his becoming identified with the Loyal Orange Institution.

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LISBURN PETTY SESSIONS.

IMPORTANT ASSURANCE PROSECUTION.

CHIEF WITNESS DOWN WITH THE "FLU."

Those sessions were held yesterday. Mr. J. Milne Barbour, D.L., presided, and the other magistrates on the bench were -- Messrs. William Davis, Alan Bell, William M'Ilroy, W. J. M'Murray, Thomas Sinclair, and Augustus Turtle.

The King v. Gilmore.

Albert Gilmore, Beechside Terrace, Lisburn, was prosecuted at the instance of District-Inspector Gregory for "that on or about the 3rd January, 1917, at Lisburn, you did obtain from the Refuge Assurance Company, Ltd., the sum of £22 4s under a forced instrument, dated 31st October, 1914, and purporting to be an agreement of a policy of assurance on the life of Thomas Mines, well knowing the same to be forged, with intent to defraud."

Mr. N. Tughan, solicitor, Belfast, appeared for the defendant; and Mr. W. G. Maginess, solicitor, represented Eleanor Mines, who was unable to attend owing to illness.

Mr. Gregory stated that as one of his most important witnesses was laid up with influenza and could not attend the court, all he purposed doing that day was to have the depositions of two witnesses taken and apply for an adjournment.

Albert J. Lewis, solicitor, Belfast, was then called, and, in reply to Mr. Gregory, he deposed -- I am the solicitor for the Refuge Assurance Company in the North of Ireland. I produce what purports to be a proposal, dated 25th November, 1912, for an insurance on the life of Thomas Mines, 20 Mercer Street, Lisburn, labourer, with the Refuge Assurance Company, Ltd., for a sum of £15, and purporting to be signed by Ellen J. Mines (her mark). I also produce a proposal, dated 21st July, 1913, on the life and in same company, for a sum of £7 4s, also purporting to be signed by Ellen J. Mines as markswoman. On those proposals two policies were issued -- one dated 25th November, 1912, number 22751169, and the other dated 21st July, 1913, number 23605003. I produce what purports to be an assignment from Ellen J. Mines, 36 Mercer Street, to Albert Gilmore, 7 Beechside Terrace, Lisburn, of two policies on the life of Thomas Mines, granted by the Refuge Assurance Company, numbered 22751169. for £15, and 23005003, for £7 4s, also purporting to be signed by Ellen Jane Mines as a markswoman, and witnessed by Mary Megran, 6 Beechside Terrace, and John Jones, Mercer Street, and dated 31st October, 1914. I also produce a receipt, dated 31st January, 1917, acknowledging a payment by the Refuge Assurance Company, in words "twenty pounds four shillings," and in figures £22 4k 0d, made under two policies, numbers 23605003 and 22751169 on the life of Thomas Mines, of Mercer Street, Lisburn, and purporting to be signed by Albert Gilmore, of 7 Beechside Terrace, Lisburn.

James Adair, 25 Crystal Street, Belfast, deposed -- I am an assistant superintendent of the Refuge Assurance Company. I paid a claim of £22 4s to Albert Gilmore at his own residence on 31st January, 1917, and the receipt produced by Mr. Lewis it the one be signed in my presence.

At this stage the case was adjourned until Wednesday next, 3rd prox., at 11 o'clock a.m.

Irish Education Act.

For non-compliance with the above Act, on the application of Mr. Robert M'Creight, attendance orders Were granted against parents named Rogan (two children) and Fulton.

Wife v. Husband.

Margaret Dornan, Ballymacward, summoned her husband, Felix Dornan, for, as alleged, assaulting her on 24th May last.

Mr. D. Barbour Simpson, solicitor, appeared for the complainant, and Mr. W. G. Maginess, solicitor, for the defendant.

It appeared that the parties had been married for 15 years, and had seven children.

The hearing of the evidence was not proceeded with on the defendant giving an undertaking not to annoy his wife and to contribute towards the support of the family.

The case was adjourned for one month.

Abusing a Daughter-in-law.

Annie Lyttle summoned her mother-in-law, Ellen Lyttle, Drumcill, for using abusive and insulting language towards her on 11th June. There was a cross-case of a similar nature.

Mr. W. G. Maginess appeared for Annie, and Mr. Joseph Allen for Ellen.

Annie Lyttle deposed that she had been married for four years to Albert Lyttle, and had one child. Her husband lived with his mother for the past two years, as she (the mother) would not allow him to live with her (complainant). On the 11th June she (complainant) was in the market at Smithfield, and seeing her husband there, she asked him to come and take up house again. His mother came forward, told him to drive on, and commenced to abuse her and used offensive language concerning the child. She also said she would ever let them live together.

To Mr. Allen -- Since I obtained the order against my husband in court for 7s 6d a week maintenance the money has been paid regularly, but it is not enough. I want to live with my husband.

Mrs. Bell, Sprucefield, said she saw Ellen Lyttle shove the complainant and heard her calling her a "tinker."

Eva M'Clatchy, mother of the complainant, was briefly examined, and said she was not able to keep her daughter and the child on their income.

Ellen Sophia Lyttle (for the defence and in her own case) said she was in the Market buying curleys, when "this person " (meaning her daughter-in-law) came up, abused her, and threatened to knock the face off her. The allegations made against her by Annie Lyttle were untrue.

To Mr. Maginess -- She had 18 acres of land, and her son was working for her, being paid £1 a week. She never said a word of what was alleged about the child. Annie threatened to break every pane in her house.

Mrs. Armanda Hunt (daughter of the last witness) corroborated her mother's evidence.

The Chairman announced that the magistrates believed the evidence that the old lady had used very bad language, adding that it would be much belter if she would not interfere between husband and wife. She would be bound over to keep the peace -- herself in £5, and two sureties of £2 10s; or, in default, be imprisoned for one month. The cross-case would be dismissed on the merits, with 10s costs.

Petrol Prosecution.

W. J. Chambers, Belfast, was prosecuted by District-Inspector Gregory for, on 16th June, at Lisburn, he being the owner of a motor vehicle, did use petrol or petrol substitute, in contravention to the Motor Spirit (Consolidation) and Gas Restriction Order, 1918. Ernest Martin, driver, and James Wilson, who ordered the car, were also summoned in connection with the charge.

Defendant were not professionally represented, Mr. Chambers defending the case in person.

Constable M'Donald said he stopped the vehicle in Bow Street at 9-45 on the 16th inst. It was then proceeding towards Belfast. The driver produced his licence and permit, and said the car belonged to Mr. Chambers; that he had been employed at the garage by Mr. Wilson to drive five persons to Blackskull, near Dromore That would be 11 or 12 miles outside the city boundary.

Mr. Chambers contended that the vehicle being hired at the garage, he had a right to go beyond the city boundary.

To Mr. Bell -- This particular car is licensed.

Mr. Gregory -- And being licensed to ply for hire in Belfast, it cannot be used outside the boundary limit as prescribed.

Mr. Wilson said that the place of worship at Blackskull being without a minister, he was responsible for supplying a substitute for one year, and he ordered the car from Mr. Chambers, who would make no charge, only for the petrol and wear and tear. He had supplied it five times, and it was not sent on hire.

The defendant Chambers was fined 10s, the other summonses being dismissed.

Alleged Assault.

James Thompson, car-owner, summoned Samuel Gregory, cardriver, for, as alleged, assaulting him on 15th June, and cruelly ill-treating his horse. He also charged Thomas Sterling, cardriver, with assault and maliciously breaking his whip.

Mr. W. G. Maginess appeared for the complainant.

It appeared from the evidence that Thompson was expecting a fare at ten o'clock, and had moved his horse and car a little forward from the Railway Street stand so us to be in view of the station. It was alleged that this action brought his car in front of Gregory's, who resented it, and the trouble followed.

The Chairman, in giving the decision of the magistrates, and they believed that Thompson had encroached a bit, but the other men had no right to proceed to blows. As there was little to choose between the parties, the cases would be dismissed.

Unlicensed Dogs.

On the testimony of Constable M'Donald, Charlotte Hall, Innisloughlin, was fined 1s and costs for having two unlicensed dogs in her possession after March. March.

This concluded the business and the Court adjourned.

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LISBURN TOWN COURT.

This court was held yesterday, before Messrs. William Davis, J.P. (in the chair); J. Milne Barbour, D.L.; Alan Bell, R.M.; William M'Ilroy, J.P.; W. J. M'Murray, J.P.; Thomas Sinclair, J.P.; and Augustus Turtle, J.P.

District-Inspector Gregory and Mr. T. J. English, C.P.S., were in attendance.

Patrick Crossey, on the evidence of Sergeant M'Farland, was fined 2s 6d and costs for being drunk and disorderly on 15th inst.

Constable Newman charged Michael Carroll with kicking a football on the public street at Smithfield on 22nd inst.

Defendant was fined 2s 6d and costs, the Chairman announcing that offences of this kind would be more severely dealt with in the future.

Mr. Allen remarked that there was no excuse for boys playing football on the streets when they had such accommodation in our beautiful park.

Mary Maginess, jun., who was summoned by Constable O. Kelly for drunkenness on 13th inst., was given a chance, the case being adjourned for a month. Defendant said she had taken the pledge.

Mr. Joseph Allen, solicitor (acting for Mr. Wellington Young), conducted the prosecutions.

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SAILORS' THRILLING MIDNIGHT EXPERIENCES.

Heartless Conduct of Enemy Submarine.

The British and Foreign Sailors' Society has received the following story from one of its institutions in the Mediterranean. It was told by the chief officer of the ship in question:--

"At midnight," said the officer, "we were struck in the stokehold by an enemy torpedo. The effect was simply indescribable. Our boilers were shattered, the funnel was thrown upon the deck; the wireless and navigation houses and the whole port side of the bridge were blown to pieces. The port boats were smashed to match-wood. To add to the terror of the situation we could not see one another nor anything of the ship in consequence of the dense volumes of escaping steam that came from the boilers.

"We lowered one of the starboard boats, and info this about half of our number found places, when suddenly the vessel broke in two, and instantly sank, carrying with her the remainder of the crew, all of whom were drowned. We had a crew of twenty-seven men all told. Of these eight were rescued, the remaining nineteen, including the captain, three engineers, and the Marconi operator, were lost.

"When the ship sank our boat was caught in the vortex and swamped, and we were, of course, thrown into the sea. When we came to the surface we grabbed at anything to keep ourselves afloat, and presently managed to get on top of an upturned boat; eleven of us held this position, whilst the twelfth man clung to the rudder.

"At this point the submarine reappeared. The commander threw a searchlight over the surface for about half a minute, but without offering us any assistance the craft submerged, and was not again seen.

"All of us were much exhausted, and three men who were unable to hold out any longer slipped off the boat and fell into the sea shouting as loudly as they could. 'Tell my brothers,' and 'Oh, save us.' Daylight came, but no craft could be seen. An hour later two aeroplanes and an airship passed in our direction, but failed to see us. Towards eight o'clock we sighted a British trawler, whose crew saw us, and we were taken on board."

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THE WAR.

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ANOTHER GERMAN ATTACK

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GOOD NEWS FROM ITALY.

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Comparatively speaking, there has been very little doing on the Western front this week, but signs are not lacking that another big German attack, this time very probably against the British sector, is imminent. Complete confidence, however, is felt by the Allied armies.

The latest official communique from Sir Douglas Haig reports hostile artillery activity between Givenchy and Robecq, and on the north-eastern portion of Nieppe Forest. By a successful minor operation our troops captured a hostile strong point west of Vieux Berquin (south-west of Bailleul), taking prisoners and machine guns.

British airmen have again bombed Bruges docks, as well as enemy stations, dumps, and billets; while raids have also been carried out at Bochen (east of Metz), Saarbrucken, and Ludwigshafen.

There is not much news from the Italian theatre of war, but what there is, is good news. The Austrians have been driven back over the Piave at all points, and the Italians seem to be getting the best of any fighting that has since taken place on the further bank, capturing prisoners in many instances. The gallant and glorious stand by Italy since the launching of the Austrian offensive is generally believed to be holding back the long-overdue attack in France.

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LISBURN SURGEON WINS D.S.O.

Friday evening's "Gazette" notifies the undermentioned award of the D.S.O.:-- "Surgeon (acting Staff Surgeon) William Bradbury. M.B., R.N. In recognition of his services with the Royal Naval Division in Gallipoli and France. As medical officer of the Hawke Battalion, Royal Naval Division, in Gallipoli, he did exceptionally good work, often under the most trying circumstances."

Surgeon Bradbury is the youngest son of Mr. Samuel Bradbury, Pear Tree Hill, Lisburn. He is an old Queen's man, and after taking his degree in 1908 entered the Naval Medical Service. He went to China in 1912, and for his services during the rebellion in 1913 was decorated by the Chinese Government. Early in the present war he served on a mine-sweeper, and subsequently with the Royal Naval Division at the Dardanelles (where he was wounded in June, 1915) and in France.

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DECORATED BY THE KING.

Amongst the officers decorated by the King at the investiture on Wednesday was Lieut. John E. Furniss, Royal Irish Rifles, son of Mr. John Furniss, J.P., of Straid, County Antrim, and brother of Rev. Mr. Furniss, curate Derriaghy Parish Church. A brother of this gallant officer, Lieut. James Furniss, R.I.R., a particular friend of our own, was killed in action on the Western front. Prior to volunteering he was in the service of the Northern Bank.

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HILLSBOROUGH SERGEANTS GALLANTRY.

His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to approve of the award of a bar to the D.C.M. to Corporal (acting Sergeant) D. Boyd, D.C.M., Royal Engineers, Hillsborough, who, while in charge of an advanced party engaged in developing water supplies for the use of the advancing troops, carried on his duties in a most capable manner, often under shell-fire, and set a splendid example of untiring energy and determination under the most difficult conditions.

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ILLEGAL DRILLER SENTENCED.

At Dublin on Monday William L. Kearney was sentenced to three months' imprisonment for unlawful assembly and drilling and carrying arms on April 28th. Evidence was given that accused was shooting at a target, and a young bank clerk named Gallagher was accidentally shot. The magistrate said practising shooting at this time for the purpose of rebellion was very serious and traitorous to the country. It was encouraging to the King's enemies, who apparently wanted to land in Ireland and pretend to govern the country better than it was being governed. If they wanted to see how Germany governed they should go to Belgium.

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Gleanings by Juvenal

On reading over the Records of Old Lisburn of the issue of June 14th, dealing principally with the flax and linen industry under Crommelin, it seemed to me to be particularly appropriate at this time, when the growth of the raw material is to be greatly revived by the extensive undertakings of flax associations. Would it not be well to go back to the records of this old Huguenot to get some useful information regarding the sowing and cultivation of flax, which only through the stress of circumstances and events has been revived in this country. The writer remembers the best flax grown only commanding 5s per stone (with 1s per stone out of that for scutching), and even difficult to get a market, the spinners preferring Continental flax. It is to be hoped that this great industry will be fostered and developed, especially in County Antrim, where the lands are practically virgin for the growth of flax. The Flax Extension Committee are not making a good lead in this direction by only giving £10 per acre, and paying £20 in the neighbouring County Down.

 

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